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Jain philosophy explains that seven tattva (truths or fundamental principles) constitute reality.[1] These are:[2]—
- jīva- the soul which is characterized by consciousness
- ajīva- the non-soul
- āsrava (influx)- inflow of auspicious and evil karmic matter into the soul.
- bandha (bondage)- mutual intermingling of the soul and karmas.
- samvara (stoppage)- obstruction of the inflow of karmic matter into the soul.
- nirjara (gradual dissociation)- separation or falling-off of parts of karmic matter from the soul.
- mokṣha (liberation)- complete annihilation of all karmic matter (bound with any particular soul).
The knowledge of these realities is said to be essential for the liberation of the soul.
However, as per one sect of Jain i.e. Shwetamber (Sthanakwasi), there are nine total tattva (truths or fundamental principles).
The seven tattva include those above but there are 2 additional tattva namely:
- Punya (alms-deed) - Which purifies our soul and provide happiness to others.
- Paap (sinful acts) - which impurifies our soul.
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